紡織染(ran)(ran)整(zheng)行(xing)業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要包括前處(chu)(chu)理(li)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),染(ran)(ran)色/印花廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),整(zheng)理(li)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和其(qi)它(ta)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),主(zhu)要含有纖維,各類染(ran)(ran)料,化學助(zhu)劑(ji)等(deng),這類廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)懸浮物(wu)(wu)(wu)濃度(du)(du)高(gao),COD,色度(du)(du)等(deng)污染(ran)(ran)指數高(gao),廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)不穩定,處(chu)(chu)理(li)難度(du)(du)較大。根(gen)據不同的污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)來源及性質(zhi)(zhi),對(dui)高(gao)濃度(du)(du)有機廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)含特殊污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)行(xing)預處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou),與低濃度(du)(du)有機廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混合(he)為綜合(he)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)行(xing)常規處(chu)(chu)理(li)。綜合(he)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)常規處(chu)(chu)理(li)工(gong)藝采用生物(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)為主(zhu),物(wu)(wu)(wu)化處(chu)(chu)理(li)為輔的工(gong)藝技(ji)術,處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)達到紡織染(ran)(ran)整(zheng)工(gong)業水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)排放(fang)標準。
紡織印染(ran)廢水處理工藝流程
1.紡織染(ran)整生產(chan)中產(chan)生的(de)高(gao)濃度(du)有機廢(fei)水,宜采用如下預處(chu)理(li)工(gong)藝(yi)
(1)洗(xi)毛(mao)廢水:離心(xin)回收羊毛(mao)脂;
(2)麻脫膠(jiao)廢(fei)水:厭氧處理等工藝;
(3)滌(di)綸堿(jian)減(jian)量廢水:堿(jian)回收并酸析(xi)回收對苯二(er)甲酸;
(4)退漿精練廢水:厭氧(yang)、化學(xue)氧(yang)化、鐵碳微電解;
(5)蠟(la)染(ran)洗蠟(la)廢水:酸析、氣浮回(hui)收(shou)松香;
(6)PVA 退漿廢水(shui):熱超濾濃縮或鹽(yan)析凝膠法等回(hui)收PVA。
2.紡(fang)織(zhi)染整生(sheng)產中產生(sheng)的含特殊污染物(wu)廢水(shui),宜采用如(ru)下預(yu)處理工(gong)藝
(1)高氨(an)氮印(yin)花廢水:汽提、吹脫等;
(2)炭化酸性廢水:酸堿中和;
(3)絲光廢水:堿(jian)(jian)液濃(nong)度高于(yu)40 g/L 的,宜設置堿(jian)(jian)回收裝(zhuang)置;堿(jian)(jian)液濃(nong)度低于(yu)40 g/L 的,宜采取套(tao)用(yong)或綜合利(li)用(yong)措(cuo)施;
(4)含鉻染(ran)整廢水:化(hua)學還原、化(hua)學沉(chen)淀;
(5)含銻(ti)染整廢水(shui):聚(ju)合(he)硫酸鐵混凝劑混凝。
3.綜(zong)合廢水常規(gui)處(chu)理(li)工藝
(1)機(ji)織(zhi)棉(mian)及棉(mian)混紡染(ran)整綜合(he)廢水常規處理(li)宜(yi)采用前(qian)物(wu)化(hua)+生化(hua)+后(hou)物(wu)化(hua)組合(he)工藝(yi)
(2)針(zhen)織棉及(ji)棉混紡染整、麻染整以及(ji)化(hua)纖(xian)染整的綜合(he)廢(fei)水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)情況類(lei)似,其常規(gui)處理宜采用生(sheng)化(hua)+物化(hua)組合(he)工(gong)藝(yi)
(3)毛染整綜(zong)合(he)廢水常規處理(li)宜采用物化(hua)+生化(hua)的組合(he)工藝
(4)絲綢染整綜合廢水常(chang)規處理(li)宜(yi)采用生物處理(li)工藝
(5)印(yin)花(hua)或蠟(la)染綜合廢水常(chang)規處理(li)宜采用(yong)物化+生物脫氮組合工藝